• br Results br Discussion Adaptive drug resistance is a major

  2021-03-17

  

  Results Discussion Adaptive drug resistance is a major challenge to the clinical success of cancer therapies. Incomplete inhibition of oncogenic signaling allows survival of “drug-tolerant” tumor cells, which persist in that state for variable periods before acquiring additional genetic mutati

• Raltitrexed To identify and characterize new

  2021-03-17

  

  To identify and characterize new possible molecular targets, the mechanisms of various kinds of TCDD toxicities that occur by abnormal regulation in the downstream of AhR signals have been studied (Yoshioka et al., 2011). Experimental evidence has revealed that prostanoids (i.e., prostaglandins and

• Introduction Proteins play an important role in cellular fun

  2021-03-17

  

  Introduction Proteins play an important role in cellular functions; however, being and remaining properly folded is necessary for their function. Understanding the stability of the protein is necessary to investigate the folding of proteins, as well as their conformation, functions and interactions

• br Summary and perspectives In

  2021-03-17

  

  Summary and perspectives In recent decades, enormous advances have been achieved in the development of enzyme-activatable imaging probes, enabling the accurate detection of enzyme activity in vivo to better understand the biological function of enzymes in disease processes. Activatable probes are

• The molecular mechanisms regulating the differentiation

  2021-03-17

  

  The molecular mechanisms regulating the differentiation of Th1 versus Tfh Acarbose from IL-12-stimulated CD4+ T cells remain largely uncharacterized in humans. This topic has been extensively studied in mice (Weinmann, 2014), because IL-12 stimulation promotes mouse naive CD4+ T cells to express bo

• Our previous studies indicate that EBI is involved in the

  2021-03-17

  

  Our previous studies indicate that EBI2 is involved in the regulation of pro-inflammatory responses and inter-cellular communication under pathophysiological conditions such as LPS challenge (Rutkowska et al., 2016b). The data showed that media taken from LPS stimulated astrocytes induces macrophage

• Concholepas concholepas our model species for this study is

  2021-03-17

  

  Concholepas concholepas, our model species for this study, is a marine gastropod found along the Chilean coast that has become commercially important [25], [26], [27]. Until now, the main focus of immunology related to C. concholepas is the production of a novel hemocyanin that has been useful for t

• The Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus is an important farme

  2021-03-17

  

  The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an important farmed fish with an XX/XY sex-determining system. The availability of the whole genome sequence of tilapia and tissue transcriptomes (Brawand et al., 2014), together with its gonadal transcriptomes at different developmental stages (Tao et al.

• The field of synthetic cytokine biology continues to grow th

  2021-03-17

  

  The field of synthetic cytokine biology continues to grow through molecular, physiological and pathophysiological insights, as well as via new methodical advances. The approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy by the US Food and Drug administration (FDA) in August 2017 for rel

• Furthermore we found that expression of two

  2021-03-17

  

  Furthermore we found that expression of two C1 nodule cysteine proteases, Glyma.06G283100 and Glyma.06G174800, changed very little under drought despite the two proteases having similarity to the Arabidopsis senescence-related SAG12 gene with 62% similarity by Glyma.06G283010 and 58% by Glyma.06G174

• Xenobiotic metabolism primarily occurs in

  2021-03-17

  

  Xenobiotic metabolism primarily occurs in liver, which contains many enzymes to catalyze the transformation of xenobiotic. Usually, cytochrome P-450s (CYP450s) act as the first response for biotransformation of xenobiotic in organisms. CYP450s generally consist of various subfamily enzymes which can

• Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Microbial

  2021-03-17

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Microbial production of trans-4Hyp, an added-value amino VUF 11207 fumarate for pharmaceuticals, offers significant advantages over conventional chemical extraction in economic and environmental aspects. However the low titer and productivity with the

• br Structure and function of EPAC

  2021-03-16

  

  Structure and function of EPAC isoforms EPACs are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Ras-like GTPases Rap1 and Rap2 [9]. There are two mammalian EPAC isoforms, EPAC1 and EPAC2 1, 2 (Figure 1). Whereas EPAC1 displays a wide tissue distribution, the expression of EPAC2 is more restr

• Introduction Fish commonly employ pheromones to regulate a v

  2021-03-16

  

  Introduction Fish commonly employ pheromones to regulate a variety of functions including reproductive communication [1]. Reproductive pheromones induce both primer effects, such as changes in the endocrine or physiological state of conspecifics, and releaser effects such as rapid behavioral respon

• Quantum dots QDs which exhibit excellent fluorescence quantu

  2021-03-16

  

  Quantum dots (QDs), which exhibit excellent fluorescence quantum yields (QYs), high extinction coefficients and size-tunable narrow emission have highly attracted great interest in various applications such as in solar cells, sensors, and bioimaging [16], [17], [18], [19], [20]. However, QDs suffere

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