• Our current knowledge on autophagy broadly differentiates it

  2022-11-17

  

  Our current knowledge on autophagy broadly differentiates it into three types: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Macroautophagy mainly involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic contents in a double-walled membrane followed by the fusion with the lysosomes. The lysosom

• Recent studies have demonstrated that in

  2022-11-17

  

  Recent studies have demonstrated that in response to IR, hundreds of substrates are phosphorylated in an ATM-dependent manner, clearly demonstrating the complexity of the ATM-mediated DDR pathways (Matsuoka et al., 2007, Bennetzen et al., 2010, Bensimon et al., 2010). However, evidence suggesting th

• Autocrine regulations of several adipokines e g leptin and r

  2022-11-17

  

  Autocrine regulations of several adipokines (e.g., leptin and resistin) on adipocytes have been reported (Karastergiou and Mohamed-Ali, 2010, Ye et al., 2010). Several lines of evidence have shown that apelin influences adipocyte functions, such as, lipolysis and glucose uptake (Dray et al., 2008, Y

• In summary the CV and

  2022-11-17

  

  In summary, the CV and renal benefits of sacubitril/valsartan in HF patients are attributed to the increased levels of peptides that are degraded by neprilysin and the simultaneous inhibition of the effects of AT1 receptor by valsartan (Fig. 1). Physical and chemical properties Sacubitril/Valsar

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2022-11-17

  

  Materials and methods Results Table 1 presents the metabolic phenotype of obese minipigs. After 60 d of HFHS feeding, minipigs not only showed an increased body weight (+45%), but also a perturbed MI-77301 sale homeostasis, with higher insulin levels (about +2-fold), HOMA-IR (+5.5-fold), and

• br Conclus o br Conflitos de interesses br Alzheimer

  2022-11-17

  

  Conclusão Conflitos de interesses Alzheimer Disease: Common and Complex Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a genetically complex, multifactorial disease that leads to neurodegenerative dementia. There is no cure for AD yet, and due to a high prevalence and continuously increasing incidence it pose

• CEP-18770 sale In this study using pure enzyme preparations

  2022-11-17

  

  In this study, using pure enzyme preparations of human placental recombinant AR (hAR) and of AR isolated from bovine lens (bAR), which behave as Michaelis CEP-18770 sale with glyceraldehyde as substrate, is shown that an apparent negative cooperativity action for glucose still occurs. We present ev

• The results of cell culture models were further supported by

  2022-11-17

  

  The results of cell culture models were further supported by in vivo studies in mice treated with PXR and/or AhR agonists, PCN and β-NF. In these mice, AhR-regulated cyp1a1, and cyp1a2 were suppressed by PXR activation as determined by real time Q-PCR (Fig. 3). The level of PXR mRNA was not changed

• Circulating adrenal derived stress hormones epinephrine

  2022-11-17

  

  Circulating adrenal-derived stress hormones, epinephrine and corticosterone mediate their tissue effects through adrenergic (AR; α and β) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors. AR are widely distributed throughout the body and although epinephrine is a prototypical agonist for all types of AR, the selec

• Introduction Glaucoma consists of a group of

  2022-11-17

  

  Introduction Glaucoma consists of a group of eye diseases showing a broad spectrum of clinical presentation and unknown aetiologies, that lead to a permanent loss of visual function due to the death of retinal ganglion TCS 2002 receptor and damage of the optical nerve. It is well accepted that a cr

• A combination of factors might however account for

  2022-11-16

  

  A combination of factors might, however, account for the low rate of success of drug development for neuropsychiatric disorders. First, in most neuropsychiatric disorders, the symptomatology is heterogeneous and the neurobiology remains poorly understood, making therapeutic targets difficult to iden

• As also found by Stolarski et al inclusion of N

  2022-11-16

  

  As also found by Stolarski et al. [14], inclusion of N2O in the model is successful in reducing the effect of dynamics [13] in the lower stratosphere in the Northern Hemisphere (30–60°N in our case). The inclusion of N2O also decreased the error bars on the trend values, but the trend values still c

• The role of DHT in early teleost

  2022-11-16

  

  The role of DHT in early teleost embryogenesis is not entirely clear or established, however additional studies that treat fish embryos to DHT or to specific srd5a inhibitors at critical stages of development (i.e. prior to sex differentiation) will shed light on the early functions of this androgen

• We have previously shown that the antinociceptive effect

  2022-11-16

  

  We have previously shown that the antinociceptive effect of tramadol, an analgesic that, like paracetamol is able to increase serotonin levels within CNS, is potentiated or antagonized respectively by a 5-HT1A/B nonspecific o-Phenanthroline blockade or activation (Rojas-Corrales et al., 2000). More

• Calcineurin has been established to be a

  2022-11-14

  

  Calcineurin has been established to be a ubiquitous Ca2+-activated serine phosphatase in the nervous system (Pyrzynska et al., 2001). It has been reported that the activation of calcineurin protects aromatase from autophagy-mediated protein degradation, implying that calcineurin-dependent dephosphor

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