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The physiologic conditions and signaling mechanisms that reg
2024-01-11
The physiologic conditions and signaling mechanisms that regulate apelin secretion and APLNR expression in malignant tissues appear to be multifactorial. Previous studies have shown that hyperplastic and neoplastic cholangiocytes secrete a variety of hormones, peptides, and growth factors that help
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Overall the expression of both components
2024-01-11
Overall, the expression of both components (ligand and receptor) of the apelin signaling system allows for analysis of the direct role of apelin in CL function, and specifically P4 production. Although the CL secretes many different hormones, P4 is of predominant importance because it is necessary f
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Indications that HMGA proteins are involved in regulating th
2024-01-11
Indications that HMGA proteins are involved in regulating the structure and function of large chromatin domains come from the early work of Saitoh and Laemmli [143]. Employing immunolocalization techniques, these workers demonstrated that HMGA1 proteins are co-localized with both histone H1 and the
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Although little is known about the etiopathogenesis of preec
2024-01-11
Although little is known about the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia, this syndrome has a major impact on maternal and fetal health worldwide, since it is responsible for 10–15% of maternal deaths [16], [17], preterm births, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and fetal deaths [2]. In developing
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The specific mechanisms underlying glutamine dependency are
2024-01-11
The specific mechanisms underlying glutamine dependency are still being explored, and current research indicates that the mechanisms likely vary between breast cancer subtypes. In HER2-positive breast cancer, increased levels of the transcriptional activator PGC-1α lead to expression of genes that m
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An ALK rearrangement was found
2024-01-11
An ALK rearrangement was found in all the analyzable ‘truly positive’ IHC+/FISH+ samples, and the proportion of the various transcripts was in accordance with the literature [[26], [46], [47], [48]]. In these samples, the RNA-seq technique was therefore 100% sensitive and specific. Additional non-ta
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Mifepristone In this study using pure enzyme preparations of
2024-01-11
In this study, using pure enzyme preparations of human placental recombinant AR (hAR) and of AR isolated from bovine lens (bAR), which behave as Michaelis Mifepristone with glyceraldehyde as substrate, is shown that an apparent negative cooperativity action for glucose still occurs. We present evide
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The aldehyde reductase AKR A and aldose
2024-01-11
The aldehyde reductase (AKR1A1) and aldose reductase (AKR1B1) belong to aldo-ketoreductase (AKR) superfamily catalyzing the reduction of corresponding aldehydes and ketones involved. Both the closely related enzymes AKR1A1 and AKR1B1 have 65% structural similarity and differ only at the active site.
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Taken together the results reveal
2024-01-11
Taken together, the results reveal a complex feedback and feedforward signaling network between the tryptophan metabolic enzymes IDO1/TDO2, the KP metabolite KYN, and the ligand-activated transcription factor AhR (Figure 2). Cancer NLG-8189 highjack this signaling circuitry to deregulate immunologic
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estrone australia br Mechanisms for regulation of intracellu
2024-01-11
Mechanisms for regulation of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis Cells maintain intracellular free cholesterol levels and distribution within stringent tolerances by several mechanisms [55]: (1) uptake of native LDL (the major extracellular carrier of cholesterol) by LDL receptors and modified
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br Endocytosis of AdipoR Surface receptor
2024-01-11
Endocytosis of AdipoR1 Surface receptor activity may be shut down by endocytic uptake and subsequent lysosomal degradation of the proteins [20]. Clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) has been extensively studied and internalization from the plasma membrane is mediated through clathrin-coated pits
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Extracellular ATP and downstream purinergic signaling have
2024-01-11
Extracellular ATP and downstream purinergic signaling have also been proposed to contribute to dental pulp tissue healing and dentin regeneration. Mechanical and thermal stimulation of external dentin can induce ATP release in dental pulp through pannexins [13]. Cold stimulation was also reported to
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Although our data show that agrin accelerates
2024-01-11
Although our data show that agrin accelerates the innervation of engineered muscle tissue following implantation, there are still several issues that need to be considered. First, the use of primary muscle stem or progenitor Vandetanib (satellite cells) instead of an immortalized muscle cell line (C
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Molecular docking is widely used to predict the
2024-01-10
Molecular docking is widely used to predict the interaction between an enzyme and its inhibitors. This is a computational simulation approach that can be used as a tool to investigate the structure-activity relationship of ACE inhibitory peptides (Goodsell, 2009). It has been recently shown that ACE
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In addition to the data
2024-01-10
In addition to the data provided by the Ki16425 treatment in the K/BxN arthritis model, new findings from the study of two new LPA receptor antagonists confirm the involvement of the LPA pathway in the pathogenesis of experimental arthritis. In the study by Miyabe et al., the authors reported the t
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